灾害与恢复中社会工作干预的综合模式-無國界社工

灾害与恢复中社会工作干预的综合模式

2026-05-19 15:30

<section style="padding: 0px 20px; margin: 27px 0px;"> <style type="text/css">'.concat(r," </style> <section data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 10px 0px 50px;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 89%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(111, 176, 122);padding: 5px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;line-height: 1.9;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">以下文章译自</span><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">Research- and Practice-Based Models for Advancing Social Work</span></em><span leaf="">（《促进社会工作进步的研究与实践模型》，Ngoh Tiong Tan 编）一书的第三章，核心探讨灾害社会工作（Disaster Social Work）的干预模式。</span><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">四名作者结合无国界社工在抗击新冠疫情中的实际行动，提出了一套新的社区灾害干预框架。</span></span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 85%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 6px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388392" data-ratio="1.5157407407407408" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/swab_tests_20231120102955_9c3f85/images/article_component/149922/20260601_180750_0RWsP0.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> <section>&nbsp;</section> <section>&nbsp;</section> <section>&nbsp;</section> <section>&nbsp;</section> <section>&nbsp;</section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 10px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">01</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">灾害社会工作干预方法</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:18px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">危机干预</span></em></strong></span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">危机干预是社会工作者在灾害中采用的主要方法之一。阿尔伯特·R.罗伯茨（Albert R. Roberts）针对9/11恐怖袭击造成的严重社会心理影响，并总结其处理个人和群体危机事件的经验，在其著名文章《评估、危机干预和创伤治疗：ACT综合干预模型》（2002）（Assessment, Crisis Intervention, and Trauma Treatment: The Integrative ACT Intervention Model）中提出了一个干预框架。这个模型描述了“评估、危机响应和治疗”每步组成部分。评估涉及对即时医疗需求、公共安全威胁、心理创伤严重程度以及文化遗产损害的评估。基于评估结果，危机响应应包括连接人与人、连接人与资源、执行“罗伯茨危机干预模型”（Crisis Intervention Model of Roberts）七步法，及提供埃弗利（George S. Everly, JR.）和米切尔（Jeffrey T. Mitchell）提出的“重大事件压力解说会”（Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, CISD）。七步模型改编自佩尔曼（1957）提出的“社会个案工作解决问题模型流程”（Social Casework Problem-Solving Model Processes），具体步骤为：(1) 评估致命性，(2) 建立融洽关系，(3) 识别问题，(4) 处理情绪，(5) 探索替代方案，(6) 制定行动计划（包括签署安全协议），(7) 跟进。最后，在治疗方面，可采用“十步急性创伤与压力管理方案”（Ten-step Acute Trauma and Stress Management Protocol）以及“创伤治疗计划与康复策略”（Trauma Treatment Plan and Recovery Strategies）。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">重大事件压力管理</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">阿尔伯特·罗伯茨（2005）后来在其编著的《危机干预手册》（Crisis Intervention Handbook）中记录了ACT模型。他介绍并推崇由杰弗里·米切尔（2004）提出的心理干预方案——“重大事件压力解说会”（CISD）的应用。罗斯等人（2002）曾对CISD的负面影响提出了一些担忧。对此，罗伯茨和埃弗利（2006）进行了一项元分析，为CISD的适用性提供了证据。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">随后，埃弗利和米切尔将单一的CISD方法扩展为一套全面且综合的、由多种工具组成的方案，以处理灾难事件中的心理反应。这种方案现在被称为“重大事件压力管理”（Critical Incident Stress Management，CISM）。CISM有六个组成部分，即：(1) 评估，(2) 战略规划，(3) 协助危机中的个人，(4) 信息性团体干预，(5) 互动性团体干预，以及 (6) 抗逆力（resilience）。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">遗憾的是，尽管基于ACT社会工作模式和CISM心理健康导向的方法在理论层面已取得相应发展，但当社区韧性与能力面临考验时，知识空白依然存在。这是因为危机干预和压力管理都属于被动应对措施，它们并不解决主动行动的需求，例如：识别与降低风险；通过灾前政策、社区教育与备灾，减轻不利影响。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">路易丝·哈姆斯（Louise Harms）及其研究团队（2020）在回顾了38篇系统筛选的文章后发现，大多数理论局限于个体干预，而忽略了以群体和社区为中心的实践模式。他们建议，<u style="text-decoration:underline" textstyle="">应鼓励开展更多基于“全社区”向的社会工作实践，此类实践涵盖了灾害管理的整个周期。</u>这种全社区和全灾害周期的方法与世界卫生组织（2019）倡导的《突发卫生事件和灾害风险管理框架》的建议是一致的。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">在本章中，作者旨在通过对两个由无国界社工（SWAB）开展的灾后社会工作项目进行案例研究，构建一个<u style="text-decoration:underline" textstyle="">“持续、综合且全面的灾害社会工作框架”</u>，以填补这一知识空白。这两个项目（作者直接参与其中）分别涉及2020年初新冠疫情在武汉的爆发以及后来2022年奥密克戎变异株在香港的爆发。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">综合性服务结合了在个人、群体、社区和政策层面广泛的社会工作干预。持续性干预贯穿灾害管理的各个阶段，即应急响应、恢复重建、减灾及备灾。全面性服务包括生存物资救助、社会关怀、心理服务和社区重建。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">02</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">武汉封城期间的社会心理干预</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">2020年1月23日，武汉市疫情防控指挥部宣布，市民无特殊原因不得通过水陆空任一交通形式离市。在这种情况下，武汉社工被即刻动员去照顾“整个”社区。社区工作者，即在政府社区办公室工作并通过国家考试认证的准专业人员，应要求走出自己的社区中心去帮助弱势群体。在疫情爆发之初，实际上每个人都处于弱势中。社区工作者负责为所有居民测量体温，并管理疑似患者居家隔离。他们成为了非专业健康教育者，提醒人们戴口罩、待在家里。他们也为老人和病人送食物和日用品上门。由于新冠病毒的高传染性和致死性，社工无法提供面对面的社会心理支持。得益于数字电话的普及，微信群被用来为医院患者和社区居民提供社会心理安慰。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">在这场危机中，无国界社工应武汉社会工作团队的邀请，为包括社会工作者、咨询师和医疗专业人员在内的专业志愿者提供危机干预培训和督导。从2020年1月到4月，无国界社工采取了一系列行动（见表3.1）。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">这些行动以ACT模型为指导，并辅以社区社会工作方法。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">表 3.1</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;2020 年无国界社工在武汉新冠疫情中的干预行动</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="height: auto;transform: scale(0.9);-webkit-transform: scale(0.9);-moz-transform: scale(0.9);-o-transform: scale(0.9);transform-origin: center center;-webkit-transform-origin: center center;-moz-transform-origin: center center;-o-transform-origin: center center;margin-top: -27px;margin-bottom: -27px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 100%;margin: 0px auto -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">阶段</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">时间</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="59.8100%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="59.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">行动内容</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box; text-align:justify"><span leaf="">一阶段：</span></span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box; text-align:justify"><span leaf="">即时响应</span></span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">1月22日 - 2月6日</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="59.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="59.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">无国界社工号召武汉社会工作者保护与帮扶弱势群体；</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">为医疗卫生和心理领域专业志愿者提供危机介入线上培训；</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">为武汉社工志愿者提供社区危机介入线上培训；</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">将杨受成慈善基金捐赠的 120 台生命支持呼吸机送往武汉 13 家医院。</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box; text-align:justify"><span leaf="">二阶段：</span></span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box; text-align:justify"><span leaf="">综合响应</span></span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">2月7日 - 3月底</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="59.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="59.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">20 名接受过重大事件压力管理基础培训的社会工作者在微信平台担任武汉志愿咨询团队的督导。</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="line-height: 0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:0;"><svg style="vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1">_</svg></section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="line-height: 0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:0;"><svg style="vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1">_</svg></section> </td> <td data-colwidth="59.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="59.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">提供两门面向社会工作教师及医疗社会工作者的危机干预在线课程，时长共计10小时，由中国社会工作教育协会委托，并由华东理工大学出版社发布。</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="line-height: 0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:0;"><svg style="vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1">_</svg></section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="line-height: 0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:0;"><svg style="vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1">_</svg></section> </td> <td data-colwidth="59.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="59.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">向武汉社区工作者正式引入 ATCER 模型，运用积极心理学理念推动社区恢复。</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box; text-align:justify"><span leaf="">三阶段：</span></span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span style="background-color:rgba(254, 255, 255, 0); box-sizing:border-box; text-align:justify"><span leaf="">社区恢复</span></span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">2月24日 - 4月底</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="59.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="59.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">无国界社工走访武汉周边农村50家敬老院，为其中 23 家送去消毒物资；还将武汉本地商户捐赠的鸡蛋、大米等基本食物送至有需要的敬老院。</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">03</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">多维度评估</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">医疗与生命救助评估</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">ACT 模型对评估给予高度重视。应当建立预检分诊机制，以挽救生命和保障人身安全。新冠疫情危机中最紧迫且首要的需求是医疗护理，因为疑似感染病例数在两周内激增。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">潘安等学者2020年的研究表明，在1月23日武汉封城前，湖北省共有444例确诊病例，其中死亡17例，治愈28例，其余仍住院治疗。由于彼时全民核酸检测尚未开展，已报告的确诊病例仅占实际总数的 14%，意味着当时的实际感染病例数或已超 3000 例。面对致命的感染风险，疑似感染者迫切需要住院床位，而医院人满为患又加剧了交叉感染。 “无国界社工”等组织与其他慈善团体在深知这是一场艰难硬仗的情况下，竭力向武汉运送医疗设备。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">武汉的封控措施给该市援助弱势群体的能力带来了巨大考验，这些群体包括：独居老人、有残障成员的家庭、因学校停课而需照看子女的单亲父母，以及因公共交通停运无法获得常规医院服务的癌症和糖尿病等慢性病患者。此外，这些群体均面临食品和生活物资获取困难的问题，奶粉短缺让许多年轻母亲濒临崩溃。好在武汉市在两三周内显著改善其供应服务，在这个过程中出现的互助行为也令人动容，例如，一名外卖员自发为医护人员提供家与医院间的免费接送，后续众多志愿者加入，形成了一支志愿接送队伍；部分商户虽因疫情经营受损，仍向周边养老院捐赠食品和卫生用品。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">心理评估</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">封控中的民众处在一种对何时恢复正常生活的未知，有患病症状者迫切渴求住院床位，确诊患者则担忧治疗效果，种种因素均引发了极度的焦虑情绪。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">预检分诊是社会工作者在识别最需要心理社会支持的群体时最困难问题。以下评估工具曾受强烈推荐：一般健康问卷（GHQ）、心理健康自评问卷（SRQ）、简明症状量表（BSI）、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、症状校核表（SCL-90）和流调中心抑郁量表（CES-D-10）。但是，这些量表在新冠疫情这类重大灾害中施测耗时过长而难以使用。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">在各类灾害场景中，均需选择简便且灵敏的工具以达到快速评估。为此，世卫组织（2013）发展了“观察、聆听、连结”（Look, Listen and Link）心理急救模型。埃弗利（1999）则提出了一种用于观察性评估的 SEA 模型。然而，在新冠疫情危机期间，这两种技术的有效性均受到了严重制约，这是由于社交距离让面对面互动无法进行。因此，我们在微信群发布了一般心理健康问卷（GHQ-12） 筛查身心症状，该量表契合东方文化特点 —— 面对陌生人时，人们更愿意回答与身体健康相关的问题。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">基于问卷测评结果，社工重点关注了睡眠、侵入性思维、食欲减退、梦魇、回避行为和解离的状况。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">社会与文化评估</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">另一类分诊思路是以弱势群体为核心，比如妇女、儿童和老人。武汉的老年人因感染新冠后的高死亡率，无疑是最高优先级的关注群体。据武汉市公安局 2019 年 11 月 30 日的数据，武汉市常住人口达 906.4 万，其中的21.46%为 60 岁以上老年人口。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">成年男性可能表现出更严重的心理反应和社会功能失调；新冠病毒易引发家庭内部交叉感染，幸存者的内疚感也成为普遍问题。此外，因封控滞留武汉的农民工也值得特殊关照，他们通常居住在拥挤、条件简陋的住所，感染风险更高。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">武汉的地域文化特点也为心理评估带来了挑战。武汉在1949 年前曾是内陆商贸中心，1949 年后成为工业重镇，如今业已成为中国高等教育的一大枢纽。武汉人以要强和圆通著称，因此，他们不会轻易接受心理咨询帮助，秉持 “自己的困难自己扛” 的普遍价值观。对于从其他省份赶来的志愿心理咨询师而言，在微信群中开展心理评估是一大难题。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">04</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">多形式干预</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">资源对接</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">起初，医疗服务和食品供应等基本需求是武汉线上微信服务中最常见的诉求，于是社工将大量精力投入到资源与需求的对接中，他们迅速与各医院的医生建立良好的沟通与合作关系。这些志愿社工能详细反馈患者的身体状况，医生逐渐对他们产生信任。因此，只要医院有床位，大部分转诊都能顺利完成。通过社会工作危机干预开展的危机沟通搭建起了患者与医疗机构之间的桥梁。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">信息提供</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">根据 2003 年非典爆发后在香港提供热线服务的经验，民众的信息诉求主要涉及资源获取方面，其次是个人问题和情绪。这三类诉求构成了危机不同阶段求助的主要模式。尽管民众表面上的诉求是信息和资源需求，但其始终伴随着焦虑、恐惧、无助、疲惫、绝望等情绪影响。在微信群中为武汉市民提供准确的医疗信息，有助于稳定民众情绪、让生活回归常态、引导采取积极的应对方式。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">线上危机干预</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">为武汉市民提供的线上咨询服务采用跨学科方法，由接受过社会工作、心理咨询、医学专业培训的志愿者，以及社区非专业志愿者共同参与。这一方式的创新性在于，以往在社区服务中心工作的社工、心理咨询室的咨询师及医疗机构的医护人员，全部转移至线上组建跨学科团队、提供指导和安慰。线上咨询服务的设计遵循危机干预的基本原则，即就近、及时、期望、简洁、简短、务实、创新。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">社区危机干预</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">2020 年 3 月 8 日，武汉共有 32,583 例实验室确诊病例和另外 17,365 例临床诊断新冠病例。全市的六个区域有超 5000 人的康复患者。于是，社区领袖和青年志愿者接受了培训，以识别并报告表现出抑郁症状的人 。具备社区组织能力的社工参与搭建互助支持网络。罗伯茨（2005）曾明确指出，社工必须以更广阔的视角看待灾害问题。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">我们从武汉学到的经验是，在所有重大灾害中，应尽快启动社区健康与心理健康教育项目，并辅以个案和小组工作。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">悲伤辅导与创伤后应激障碍预防</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">同许多其他文化，死亡在中国是一个禁忌话题，很难让人们谈论逝去的亲人。在合适的情境下，引导逝者家属宣泄情绪并非易事。以文化上可接受的方式组织吊唁，是灾害干预的一项重要技能。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">武汉封城期间，CISD无法基于线上互动而开展，但对各地驰援武汉的医护人员等第一响应者是可行的。创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的治疗在疫情爆发数月后才会出现，可由当地精神卫生服务机构负责治疗。除其他简单干预方法外，悲伤辅导（Grief Counseling）和认知行为疗法（cognitive behavioral therapy）也能发挥作用。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">积极心理学与社区韧性建设</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">另一项可行的干预手段是采用塞利格曼（Seligman）与契克森米哈赖（Csikszentmihalyi）于2000 年提出的积极心理学项目（positive psychology programs, PPP）。2020 年 2 月中旬，专业志愿者也接受了积极心理治疗（Positive Psychology &nbsp;Therapy, PPT） 培训。运用积极心理学进行早期干预，能有效预防创伤后应激症状，培养韧性。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><span style="box-sizing:border-box; font-size:16px"><span leaf="">整合式灾害社会工作</span></span></em></strong></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">如前所述，2001年9/11恐袭后罗伯茨提出的 ACT 模型（2002）并未解决灾后社区恢复的问题。埃弗利和米切尔开发的 CISM 信息性团体技术可以用于社区工作，但他们的互动性团体技术适用性有限。为弥补这一实践指导的空白，无国界社工构建了一套社区危机干预模型（见图 3.1），命名为“评估、分诊、危机管理简报、教育与恢复框架”（Assessment, Triage, Crisis Management Briefing, Education, and Recovery Framework, ATCER 模型）。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388390" data-ratio="0.5393617021276595" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="940" src="/data/uploads/swab_tests_20231120102955_9c3f85/images/article_component/149922/20260601_180750_ZGPW0d.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">图 3.1</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;社区危机干预 ATCER 模型。注：SEA 为言语、情绪、外貌、警觉性、行为；CES-D-10 为10 项流调中心抑郁量表；GHQ-12为12项一般心理健康问卷；SAFER-R 指稳定化（Stabilization）、认可（Acknowledgment）、疏导（Facilitation）、引导有效应对（Encouraging effective coping）、恢复或转诊（Recovery or Referral）</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">ATCER 模型首次在为专业志愿者提供的培训课程中推出，这些志愿者将开始社区咨询服务。疫情爆发后，该模型立即被用于社区疑似病例的筛查工作。2020 年 3 月中旬后，武汉大部分方舱医院休舱，ATCER 模型的应用于跟进康复患者，监测重心从身体健康转向心理健康关怀。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">在武汉新冠疫情中为居民提供灾后社会心理服务的经验为未来的灾害社会工作提供以下见解：</span></p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; list-style-position:outside; list-style-type:decimal"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">建立跨学科方法存在挑战，特别是与应急管理者、心理咨询师、医疗保健专业人员和社区工作者的协作。说易行难，一行的标准方案和实践很少考虑其他专业。始终扮演服务协调者角色的灾害社会工作者必须跨越专业边界，在不同学科之间建立共识，同步专业步调，最大限度保障服务对象的利益。</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">另一个挑战是几乎完全线上提供灾害社会工作，这存在许多障碍：</span></p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; list-style-position:outside; list-style-type:lower-alpha"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">技术方面，受无线网络覆盖、智能手机持有率等因素影响；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">媒介方面，受应用程序可用性、民众新媒体操作技能等因素限制；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">专业方面，心理咨询师和社工不适应无法亲自见到服务对象的情况下提供咨询。灾害社会工作在利用快速发展的数字技术方面还有很长的路要走。</span></p> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">跨学科合作的重要性已得到充分印证，如在医疗社会工作、灾害管理科学等领域。人工智能驱动的数字化技术发展日新月异，数字化灾害社会工作已成为该专业的新兴领域。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">05</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">香港移民家庭的社会心理防护</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">2022 年 2 月，香港爆发高传染性的新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株，被认为是席卷全港的第五波疫情。2020 年爆发的新冠疫情持续时间长，属于慢性危机和持续性灾害。令人始料未及的是，这波疫情在短短 3 个月内造成了超过 5906 人死亡，死亡率为37.7 人/每百万人，位居全球前列。尽管香港新冠死亡病例以老年人为主，与其他地区相似，但 2022 年 2 月初出现的青年死亡病例，让全港家庭陷入恐慌。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">移民家庭在香港第五波疫情中受到最严重的影响。除死亡率异常偏高外，疫情还导致女性失业率大幅上升，新移民女性受影响尤为显著。2021 年第二季度，共有 3609 人移居香港，日均 40 人，其中 15 岁以下儿童占比 21.6%。为缓解新移民的生活困难，无国界社工为移民发起了社会心理服务项目，服务对象主要为有 4-9 岁儿童的低收入移民家庭。该项目旨在应用抗逆力模型在危机期间培养家庭抗逆力，由香港赛马会赞助，从 2022 年 4 月 1 日到 8 月 31 日为期 6 个月。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">项目名为“同心盾牌——家庭抗逆力计划”，其理论依据为埃弗利（2017）提出的“心灵盔甲”（Psychological Body Armor, PBA） 概念。根据埃弗利的理论，PBA是人类独有的心理韧性机制，可分为前置抗逆力（Proactive Resilience）和反应抗逆力（Reactive Resilience）：前置抗逆力如同人体应对重大心理压力的 “免疫系统”，反应抗逆力则是从创伤经历中恢复的能力。前置抗逆力由抵抗（Resistance）、抗逆（Resilience）和复元（Recovery）构成，其指出：</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388389" data-ratio="0.5836575875486382" data-s="300,640" data-type="svg" data-w="257" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_svg/Q3auHgzwzM5fUtc6QNapsFqATFrUMgSd9iaDn242Jcj1gny0Y09OI45vdkAcTQVYPJ3Gf7QXokCoswdDicPvQI1MAgSM386SPbWMs6YsMQTDbvmhWsIL702A/640?wx_fmt=svg&amp;from=appmsg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;height: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 28px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">在压力过度累积前，压力激发和反复解读可通过赋能信念和行为取代……即便出现心理困扰和认知功能失调，也可通过反应抗逆力缓解并消除这些问题。</span></p> </section> <section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0px 35px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388388" data-ratio="0.5836575875486382" data-s="300,640" data-type="svg" data-w="257" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_svg/Q3auHgzwzM7KBibudsnRvonVlQIZWGn5Znbq6gLKFmOjYUdfwEbzS7nnPBTKrET79LPha9aYSZqT527iaEUUicnicRWSzm4Ge5nVtXia4SibA7DibN4GHCNqZxxdQ/640?wx_fmt=svg&amp;from=appmsg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;height: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">因此，本项目的目标是运用PBA中的反应抗逆力概念，帮助目标家庭缓解新冠引发的心理困扰，服务对象为那些因经济困难领取香港政府综合社会保障援助的新移民家庭。项目通过微信组建线上社群提供服务。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">600 个家庭受邀加入微信群，并分为 3 个小组，每组 200 个家庭。每个参与家庭均获赠一份同心盾牌抗疫包，内含一对护腕以鼓励运动、一袋用以提醒均衡营养的维生素 C 软糖、一个为儿童提供心理慰藉的可爱手偶，以及一本由埃弗利著、无国界社工译的绘本《罗德尼交朋友：培养儿童抗逆力的一课》，助力提升儿童的心理抗挫能力。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社工和志愿者每日都在微信群为家庭提供社会援助，并发布公共卫生信息和项目相关资讯；每周在微信群分享抗逆力主题的内容，围绕身体锻炼、营养知识、睡眠教育、社交智力等开展社区抗逆力教育。项目还邀请体育教练线上带领家长和儿童进行互动式体育锻炼。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">项目开展的 6 个月内为 600 个家庭安排了电话回访和入户探访，评估每个家庭的社会和心理需求。CES-D量表用以对家长的心理健康状况进行测评，若测评结果不佳，资深社工会为其提供一对一线上咨询跟进。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">最终，共有 645 个家庭在这些微信群积极参与，超过了计划名额，累计提供电话咨询 624 次。项目具体活动安排见表 3.2。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">表 3.2</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;“同心盾牌——家庭抗逆力计划”活动安排</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="height: auto;transform: scale(0.9);-webkit-transform: scale(0.9);-moz-transform: scale(0.9);-o-transform: scale(0.9);transform-origin: center center;-webkit-transform-origin: center center;-moz-transform-origin: center center;-o-transform-origin: center center;margin-top: -27px;margin-bottom: -27px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 100%;margin: 0px auto -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">序号</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">周</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">活动内容</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">1</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">1, 2</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">筹备阶段：方案设计、物料印刷、物资采购</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">2</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">1-3</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">制作短视频：4 个运动类、2 个睡眠类、1 个营养类，每个 5 分钟</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">3</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">2</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">招募645 户家庭</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">4</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">3</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">组建 3 个微信群，每组约 215 个家庭</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">5</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">3</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社会心理需求前测</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">6</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">4-7</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">开展 ZOOM 线上工作坊：首月每周 1 次，第二、三月每两周 1 次，共 8 期</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">7</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">4-15</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社工每日 15:00-17:00 间轮值 2 小时</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">8</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">4-15</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">发布短视频</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">9</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">4-15</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">随着每周更换教育主题，家庭每周参与情况也被记录。主题按运动、睡眠、营养和社交轮换</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">10</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">8-11</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">根据CES-D-10量表测评结果，为有需求的家庭开展电话跟进与电话咨询</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">11</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">16</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社会心理需求后测</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">12</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">8-15</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">推出播客节目，分享基于积极心理学的互助故事</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">13</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">8-15</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">评估参与家庭的睡眠和运动质量</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="12.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="12.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">14</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="14.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="14.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">16,17</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="73.8100%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="73.8100%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">总结报告，项目结项</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">武汉线上干预作为第一个实践案例展现了提供线上社会心理服务面临三大壁垒：技术问题、媒介不足和专业准备不足。而在第二个香港“同心盾牌”项目中，这些壁垒得到了更有效的解决和突破。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">首先，香港的地域面积远小于武汉，无线网络覆盖良好，家庭智能手机使用率高。由于有充足的时间利用先前的灾害经验来规划香港的服务，无国界社工 搜集并储备了大量面向家庭和儿童的数字化教育资源。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">我们的志愿者接受了更佳教育类应用操作技能培训。为了克服专业社工提供在线咨询的障碍，恢复了电话咨询作为线上服务的补充形式。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">向移民家庭提供“同心盾牌”社会心理服务以减轻香港第五波奥密克戎疫情不利影响的经验表明，对于灾害社会工作而言：</span></p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; list-style-position:outside; list-style-type:decimal"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">遵循早期干预原则，借助反应抗逆力帮助服务对象从心理困扰中恢复是可行的；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">全线上社会工作服务具备可行性和经济性，可覆盖心理评估、信息援助、互动学习、社交网络搭建、抗逆力教育、个案服务、转介等全方位社会工作服务；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">无国界社工在武汉开发的 ATCER 灾害社会工作框架可完全线上实施，因此可将其更名为数字化评估、分诊、危机管理简报、教育与恢复模型（D-ATCER）（见图 3.2）。</span></p> </li> </ol> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">图 3.2</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;D-ATCER模型</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 85%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388391" data-ratio="0.4923599320882852" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="589" src="/data/uploads/swab_tests_20231120102955_9c3f85/images/article_component/149922/20260601_180750_RJLrhs.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">06</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">实践探索与创新</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">从上述灾害社会工作的实践案例可以看出，实践理论的发展滞后于干预需求，一线灾害工作者往往只能在缺乏实证依据的情况下制定应对策略。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社会工作理论家和教育者尚未解答诸多实践层面的问题，特别是：</span></p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; list-style-position:outside; list-style-type:decimal"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">需为覆盖“备灾、响应、恢复和减灾” 的灾害管理四阶段提供干预指导；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">需提供涵盖救援、临时安置、救济、分诊、社会联结、心理急救和文化凝聚在内的全方位服务，这意味着应急管理工作者、医护人员、慈善救济工作者、社会工作者、心理学家、教育工作者、城市规划师等相关专业人员与志愿者需开展跨学科协作；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">需覆盖个案、群体、社区、政策多层面的干预；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">需充分利用数字技术助力灾害社会服务和社会工作开展。</span></p> </li> </ol> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">针对上述问题，本章首次尝试结合灾害事件的时间维度，梳理出六大行动层面，分别为：（1）灾害管理协调；（2）应急行动；（3）数字社会技术；（4）心理照护；（5）社会工作干预；（6）精神层面干预。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">每个层面均包含多项干预或任务内容，见表 3.3，该表为持续 – 综合 – 全面型灾害社会工作模型（Continuous-Integrative-Comprehensive Disaster Social Work Model, CIC-DSWM）。各项任务按流程依次开展，但各任务的实施时间可依不同灾害类型灵活调整。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">表 3.3</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;持续 - 整合 - 综合型灾害社会工作模型（CIC-DSW）</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="height: auto;transform: scale(0.9);-webkit-transform: scale(0.9);-moz-transform: scale(0.9);-o-transform: scale(0.9);transform-origin: center center;-webkit-transform-origin: center center;-moz-transform-origin: center center;-o-transform-origin: center center;margin-top: -27px;margin-bottom: -27px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 100%;margin: 0px auto -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="13.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="13.0000%"> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <section style="line-height: 0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0);width:0;"><svg style="vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1">_</svg></section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">备灾</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">响应</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">恢复</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="26.8200%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="26.8200%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">减灾</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="13.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="13.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社会层面</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">政策倡导</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">筹款与</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">动员公益力量</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">社会服务规划</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="26.8200%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="26.8200%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">政策倡导</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="13.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="13.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社区层面</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">灾害预案</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">提高意识</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">社区组织</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">赋权与能力建设</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="26.8200%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="26.8200%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">灾害教育</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="13.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="13.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">社区层面</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">防灾培训</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">社会支持与网络搭建</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">组建互助小组</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="26.8200%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="26.8200%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">安全教育</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="13.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="13.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">个体层面</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">志愿者培训</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">分诊与危机干预</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="20.0000%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="20.0000%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">个案工作</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="26.8200%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="26.8200%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">抗逆力培训</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">07</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; line-height:1.6em; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">持续 – 综合 – 全面型灾害社会工作（CIC-DSW）</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">大多数国家的应急与灾害政策文件及相应的灾害预案中，均未明确社工的角色，社会工作在灾害中的潜在价值和独特作用尚未得到充分认可，中国也不例外，尽管中国已于 2018 年成立应急管理部。但此次突发、前所未有且旷日持久的新冠疫情，让社区社会工作者在公共卫生防疫中的重要性得以凸显。社会工作者出乎意料地成为落实社交距离政策、提升民众疫情防控意识的最可靠专业力量，同时也是重建社会联结、提供情绪支持、培养社区抗逆力的最佳人选。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">本章介绍了无国界社工在武汉新冠疫情和香港奥密克戎疫情爆发后开展的两项灾害社会工作服务项目。实践过程中，无国界社工对罗伯茨的 ACT 模型进行改良，先后开发出适用于武汉的ATCER 社区危机干预模型，以及适用于香港的D-ATCER 模型。基于这些实践经验，作者构建了持续 – 综合 – 全面型灾害社会工作（CIC-DSWM）（见表 3.4）。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">但该模型主要聚焦于社会工作领域，讨论在应急管理中的灾害社会工作，还需更广阔的研究视角。为此，作者提出了整体、跨学科与人文主义灾害关怀框架（HIH-DCF）（见图 3.3、表 3.4）。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">图 3.3 表明，重大灾害的全面干预需要应急管理工作者、社会工作者、心理学家和医护人员的共同参与。这些专业人员需深度介入灾害管理四阶段，即备灾、响应、恢复、减灾。但四类专业人员的核心工作重点存在差异：应急管理工作者的核心是风险管理、灾害规划、资源配置和部门协调；社会工作者在个案、群体、社区、政策层面干预；心理学家则参考约翰霍普金斯大学提出的 “抵抗、抗逆、恢复” 抗逆力理念，埃弗利的“心灵盔甲”概念也属于该韧性理论；初级、二级和三级护理的医疗专业人员必须提供涵盖预防、治疗和康复全过程的应急医疗和服务。在表 3.4 中，HIH-DCF的服务内容沿灾害时间线呈现，覆盖从基本生理生存到社会心理和精神需求的人类需求。其中，精神干预指帮助服务对象寻找生命意义的各类行动，可以是心理、社会、文化方面。本土精神干预方法往往能有效恢复社区抗逆力。</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">回到灾害中社工的专业职责，其核心目标有四：</span></p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-1" style="box-sizing:border-box; list-style-position:outside; list-style-type:decimal"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">促进社会和社区凝聚力；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">运用D-ATCER 模型进行社区危机干预，并培养赋能；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:20px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">从重建规划初期就鼓励灾害受害者和幸存者参与物质和社会重建工作；</span></p> </li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">始终将社会能力建设视为未来灾害中培育社区抗逆力的核心要素。</span></p> </li> </ol> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">图 3.3</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;整体、跨学科与人文主义灾害关怀框架 （HIH-DCF）</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0px 35px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 85%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388395" data-ratio="0.42094017094017094" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="936" src="/data/uploads/swab_tests_20231120102955_9c3f85/images/article_component/149922/20260601_180750_c7R1TX.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> <section style="margin: 15px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">表 3.4</span></strong><span leaf="">&nbsp;整体、跨学科与人文主义灾害关怀框架 （HIH-DCF）</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="height: auto;transform: scale(0.9);-webkit-transform: scale(0.9);-moz-transform: scale(0.9);-o-transform: scale(0.9);transform-origin: center center;-webkit-transform-origin: center center;-moz-transform-origin: center center;-o-transform-origin: center center;margin-top: -27px;margin-bottom: -27px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 100%;margin: 0px auto -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <table style="border-collapse: collapse;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <tbody> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">精神干预</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">希望与乐观</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">文化价值观与遗产</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">生命新意义</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">社区凝聚力</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #ffffff #3e3e3e #3e3e3e; border-style:none; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:0px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">利他主义与积极心态</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">社会工作干预</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">多维度评估</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">综合 / 跨学科路径</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">多模型干预</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">赋能/能力建设</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">政策干预</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">心理照护</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">心理急救</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">创伤后应激评估</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">创伤后治疗</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">心理恢复</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">创伤后成长</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">数字社会技术</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">GIS、社交媒体分析</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">人工智能辅助后勤管理</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">线上信息 / 教育</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">混合式咨询</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">数据 / 服务监测与分析</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">应急行动</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">救援</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">救济 / 转移</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">重新安置</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">重建</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">更优重建</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">灾害管理</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">响应</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">恢复</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">复盘与规划</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">重新设计与减灾</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">培训与备灾</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> <tr style="box-sizing:border-box"> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:#e7e7e7; border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">灾难随时间演变</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; text-align:center; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">影响阶段</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">休克阶段</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">常态化阶段</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.6600%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.6600%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">恢复阶段</span></p> </section> </section> </td> <td data-colwidth="16.5300%" style="background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border-color:#3e3e3e #3e3e3e #dfdfdf; border-style:none none solid; border-width:1px; box-sizing:border-box; padding:3px" width="16.5300%"> <section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(120, 120, 120);font-size: 13px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px"><span leaf="">重建阶段</span></p> </section> </section> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: middle;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(231, 231, 231) 0px 0px 10px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;padding: 10px 20px;z-index: 1;margin: 10px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px 1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1px -1px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px -1.4px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) -1.4px 0px 0px, rgb(0, 0, 0) 1.4px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">08</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 5px 0px 2px;width: 100%;align-self: flex-start;border-left: 2px solid rgb(240, 60, 22);padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1;font-family: PingFangSC-light;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><span leaf="">结论</span></strong></p> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 0px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 23px;font-size: 15px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">综上，本章介绍了一套灾害社会工作干预实践模型 ——Digital-ATCER模型，该模型由无国界社工 通过自 2004 年亚洲海啸以来 20 年持续的灾后服务积累而成；通过对这些服务项目的复盘，在Digital-ATCER模型的基础上，提出了持续 – 综合 – 全面型灾害社会工作框架（CIC-DSW）；更进一步，更广泛的应急管理体系构建了整体、跨学科与人文主义灾害关怀框架（HIH-DCF）；最后，在这个整体、跨学科与人文主义应急管理体系中，灾害社会工作者被视为核心协调者，要获得其他专业人士的认可，仍有很长的路要走。正如我们所知，凡事皆需时间 —— 美好的事物，往往需要更多时间沉淀，也能更长久地存在。</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="margin: 60px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="font-size: 13px;padding: 0px 23px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="margin-bottom:24px"><span leaf=""><span style="font-size:12px" textstyle="">Wong, J.H.C., Zhou, C.T., Ho, G.W., Lai, L.N. (2025). An Integrative Model for Social Work Intervention in Disaster and Recovery. In: Tan, N.T. (eds) Research- and Practice-Based Models for Advancing Social Work. SpringerBriefs in Advancing Social Work and Social Work Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89369-8_3</span></span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">作者 | 黄匡忠 周甜 何义炜 励娜</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">翻译、排版 | Moon</span></p> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-top:0px; padding:0px; white-space:normal"><span leaf="">校对 | Candy</span></p> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 60px 0px 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 11%;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="background-color: rgb(113, 146, 109);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="line-height: 0;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 26px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-imgfileid="514388393" data-ratio="1.102" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="500" src="/data/uploads/swab_tests_20231120102955_9c3f85/images/article_component/149922/20260601_180750_SSjNsJ.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 11%;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="background-color: rgb(113, 146, 109);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin: 13px 0px 60px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;height: auto;flex: 0 0 0%;align-self: flex-start;margin: 0px -8px 0px 0px;border-width: 0px;line-height: 0;z-index: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="transform: rotateZ(39deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(39deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(39deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(39deg);box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;margin: -7px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 125px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 215, 106) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 215, 106) rgb(255, 215, 106);background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(242, 245, 231);align-self: flex-start;margin: 0px;line-height: 0;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);margin: 4px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 125px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> <section style="margin: 20px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 23px;line-height: 1.8;font-family: PingFangSC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"> <p style="box-sizing:border-box; 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